Spatial planning: The parallel design reduces the amount of unusable space between runways.
Simultaneous use of converging runways requires extra monitoring. Safety: Intersecting runways have intersecting paths on the ground or in the air. The base of such a structure provides simplicity allowing high capacity operations without exceptional workload. The advantages of parallel runwaysĬomplexity: the parallel runways translate to a parallel taxi operating on the ground and flight operation in the TMA. While operation into the wind was preferable, an airport with only parallel runways was no longer an impossibility. At this point, aircraft speed, mass, navigation and control created more and more tolerance for cross-winds. With even heavier aircraft, higher speeds and longer runways, most airports after the second world war developed into parallel operations. To ensure that aircraft could mostly operate into the wind, the famous triangle airports of the second world war era appeared everywhere (see header photo). This was exacerbated through the need for a hardened surface, at which point the real “runway” was born. Few fields would be large enough to provide a possibility to land in any direction. The low mass and low speeds of the aircraft of the early 1900’s made them highly susceptible to crosswinds while at the same time not requiring a very long distance to take off or land.īetween the first and second world war, aircraft grew larger and flew faster. A sufficiently large grassy area on which aircraft could always take off and land into the wind. The first airfields where literal fields. We explore the development of runway configurations and their effect on operation.
Nowadays, new airports only have parallel runways. As aircraft became large and faster, runways were build in multiple directions. Early aircraft took off from any sufficiently large field that allowed take-off into the wind.
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